Solution Concentration Units

Report / Improvement Versions | 1.0.0
Input Parameters
Field Guide
Solute Mass (grams)
Mass of dissolved substance (solute)
Molar Mass of Solute (g/mol)
Molecular weight of the solute (use Molecular Weight tool if needed)
Solution Volume (liters)
Total volume of solution in liters (not solvent volume)
Equivalents per Mole (for Normality)
Number of H⁺/OH⁻ or electrons transferred per formula unit (n-factor)
Solution Total Mass (grams, optional)
Total mass of solution (solute + solvent). Required only for mass percentage if volume-based is not sufficient

Cite

Formulas & Detailed Explanation

This tool calculates the three most common concentration units for solutions: molarity, normality, and mass percentage (w/w %).

Users enter the mass of solute, its molar mass, and the final volume of solution. The tool instantly computes:

- Molarity (M): moles of solute per liter of solution

\[ M = \frac{n}{V} = \frac{m / M_w}{V} \]

- Normality (N): equivalents per liter (useful in acid-base and redox reactions)

\[ N = M \times n \]

where \( n \) is the equivalence factor (number of H⁺, OH⁻, or electrons per formula unit).

- Mass percentage (weight/weight %):

\[ \%(w/w) = \left( \frac{m_{\text{solute}}}{m_{\text{total solution}}} \right) \times 100 \]

If total solution mass is not provided, it approximates using density ≈ 1 g/mL.

This tool is essential for preparing solutions in laboratory work, pharmaceutical formulations, chemical analysis, and educational purposes.

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