Solution Concentration Units

This tool calculates the three most common concentration units for solutions: molarity, normality, and mass percentage (w/w %).

Users enter the mass of solute, its molar mass, and the final volume of solution. The tool instantly computes:

- Molarity (M): moles of solute per liter of solution

\[ M = \frac{n}{V} = \frac{m / M_w}{V} \]

- Normality (N): equivalents per liter (useful in acid-base and redox reactions)

\[ N = M \times n \]

where \( n \) is the equivalence factor (number of H⁺, OH⁻, or electrons per formula unit).

- Mass percentage (weight/weight %):

\[ \%(w/w) = \left( \frac{m_{\text{solute}}}{m_{\text{total solution}}} \right) \times 100 \]

If total solution mass is not provided, it approximates using density ≈ 1 g/mL.

This tool is essential for preparing solutions in laboratory work, pharmaceutical formulations, chemical analysis, and educational purposes.